Giardiasis
Overview
Causes
Giardiasis is caused by a parasite. It can easily pass into humans from:
- Eating food or drinking water that has the parasite
- Swimming in water that has the parasite
- Contact with a person's hands contaminated by human or animal stool (poop)
- Oral to anal contact during sex
Risk Factors
Giardiasis is more common in places with poor water or sewage treatment. Asia and South America have the highest infection rates. The risk is higher for people who:
- Live in crowded places with poor sanitation
- Drink untreated water
- Have low stomach acid or take stomach acide reducers
- Have oral to anal contact during sex
- Have a weakened immune system
- Are a day care worker or work in a group setting
- Swim in water sources that may be contaminated
SymptomsandDiagnosis
Symptoms
Some people do not have symptoms. Others may have:
- Loose, watery stools that are foul-smelling
- Belly pain or cramps
- Bloating
- Gas
- Nausea or vomiting
- Weight loss
Rarely, it may result in:
- Mild fever
- Hives or other rash
- Swelling of the eyes or joints
The infection can pass to others even if symptoms are not present.
Treatments
Treatment
Medicines will treat the infection. Other options to manage symptoms are:
- Fluids to prevent dehydration
- Avoiding milk and milk products for 2 to 6 weeks
Prevention
To lower the risk of giardiasis:
- Practice proper handwashing, especially before handling food and after using the bathroom or changing a diaper.
- Avoid swimming in or drinking contaminated water. Drink bottled water or boil water before drinking.
- Do not eat food that may be contaminated.
- Use a barrier during oral anal sex.
This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.
Edits to original content made by Denver Health.
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